Diabetes PubMed

No difference between the patients visiting the center with fulminant type 1 diabetes and those with non-fulminant type 1 diabetes was observed in the development of microangiopathy complications.

Nevertheless, metabolic syndrome remains to be an important clinical entity for overcoming the diabetic macrovascular complications, because it provides basis not only for the incidence of type 2 diabetes but also for rational and comprehensive management of multiple cardiovascular risks in diabetic patients.

Adequate control of diabetes mellitus might postpone or perhaps even prevent the microvascular disease.

Our data suggest that attempts to improve glycemic control reduce the incidence of macrovascular events both in type 1 and type 2 DM.

Therefore, to prevent micro- and macrovascular complications, like PVD, in type-1 and type-2 diabetes, intensive therapy, targeting glycemia and all other modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, should be initiated as soon after diagnosis as possible and maintained in a safe way throughout life.

In diabetic microangiopathy, hyperglycemia induces biochemical and molecular changes in microvascular cells that ultimately progress to retinal, renal, and neural complications and extends to other complications, including advanced periodontal disease.

Years since DM diagnosis, hypertension, HbA1c levels and male sex are independently associated with severe diabetic retinopathy (DR).

These findings suggest that the inflammation lead to the complex pathology of retinopathy. Anti-inflammatory drugs need to be included in the therapeutic strategy.

Diabetes mellitus is associated with a 5-fold higher prevalence of cataracts, which remains a major cause of blindness in the world.

Diabetic patients should be informed that, even when their sight is not affected, regular ophthalmologic examination is needed to diagnose severe diabetic retinopathy that requires laser therapy.

Among patients with diabetic nephropathy, high doses of B vitamins compared with placebo resulted in a greater decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and an increase in vascular events.

We suggest that future studies of the effectiveness of the various methods for screening for diabetic retinopathy (DR) should also include data on their reliability.

Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is associated with higher cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates and poor quality of life in diabetic individuals.

Our results may support the role of vascular factors in the pathogenesis of autonomic neuropathy.

Systolic blood pressure and fasting glucose level were related to somatic neuropathy whereas only systolic blood pressure was correlated with autonomic neuropathy.

Use of alpha-lipoic acid in complex treatment of diabetic autonomic neuropathy contributes to more effective influencing on diastolic function of the left ventricle and electrophysiological properties of the myocardium.

Soy-protein consumption reduces proteinuria in type 2 diabetes with nephropathy.

The possible synergistic effects of genotype and smoking may aggravate oxidative stress and contribute to the development of diabetic nephropathy.

Achieving the best metabolic control, treating hypertension (<130/80 mmHg) and dyslipidemia (LDL cholesterol <100 mg/dl), using drugs that block the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, are effective strategies for preventing the development of microalbuminuria, delaying the progression to more advanced stages of nephropathy and reducing cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes.

This case underlines the role of renal biopsy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, in whom renal diseases other than diabetic nephropathy may occur frequently.