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Diabetes mellitus type 2 or type 2 diabetes (formerly called non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), or adult-onset diabetes) is a disorder that is characterized by high blood glucose in the context of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. There is currently no known cure for the condition, but it is often initially managed by increasing exercise and dietary modification. As the condition progresses, medications are typically needed.
There are an estimated 23.6 million people in the U.S. (7.8% of the population) with diabetes with 17.9 million being diagnosed, 90% of whom are type 2. With prevalence rates doubling between 1990 and 2005, CDC has characterized the increase as an epidemic. Traditionally considered a disease of adults, type 2 diabetes is increasingly diagnosed in children in parallel to rising obesity rates due to alterations in dietary patterns as well as in life styles during childhood.
Unlike type 1 diabetes, there is very little tendency toward ketoacidosis in type 2 diabetes, though it is not unknown. One effect that can occur is nonketonic hyperglycemia which also is quite dangerous, though it must be treated very differently. Complex and multifactorial metabolic changes very often lead to damage and function impairment of many organs, most importantly the cardiovascular system in both types. This leads to substantially increased morbidity and mortality in both type 1 and type 2 patients, but the two have quite different origins and treatments despite the similarity in complications.
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Type 2 diabetes: an expanded view of pathophysiology and therapy
In general, patients with type 2 diabetes should be treated to their lowest targeted glycemic goals as soon as they are diagnosed, for as long as possible, as safely as possible, and as rationally as possible.
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Impact of Race/Ethnicity on the Efficacy and Safety of Commonly-Used Insulin Regimens: A Post-Hoc Analysis of Clinicals Trials in Type 2 Diabetes
Latino/Hispanic, Asian, and African-descent patients with T2D showed different metabolic responses to insulin therapy, dependent in part on insulin type and regimen intensity. These findings, if confirmed, may have important implications for clinical practice.
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Diabetes Types 
