Diabetes PubMed

Individuals who use continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) on a near-daily basis can have substantial improvement in glycemic control.

Real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is safe and generally well tolerated; however, individualization of alert settings is necessary maximize the system's benefits and patient adherence.

Poor long-term glycemic control is associated with an increase in areas of localized neuro-retinal dysfunction in adolescents with T1D and no clinically-visible diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Current evidence suggests that intensive glycemic control should be initiated as soon as possible after diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 diabetes in order to maximize potential long-term macrovascular benefits.

Results of recent large-scale intervention trials, such as ACCORD, ADVANCE, and VADT, seem to undermine the concept that tight glycemic control confers some protection against cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes, while maintenance of near-normal glycemic control from earlier stage of the disease and during acute coronary events seems to be more beneficial.

An intensive glucose control strategy can effectively reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events but at the expense of a significantly increased risk of severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.

A series of recent studies provide further insight and show that intensive glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients does provide macrovascular benefit but is associated with increased risk of hypoglycemia. In the critically ill patient, tight glycemic control could be detrimental; thus, a less aggressive glycemic target of 140 to 180 mg/dL is preferred.

Developing effective strategies to improve blood glucose control in youth with type 2 diabetes mellitus is essential to prevent or limit the development and progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

This suggests that poor long-term glucose control may not play a major role in determining short-term surgical morbidity.

Bad blood glucose control and long diabetes duration both increased occurrence of DR (diabetic retinopathy).

Nighttime blood glucose control is the biggest challenge and concern for parents, and the development of a commercially available overnight CL system may be an important goal.

Personal CGM, in a "real world" setting, is able to improve glucose control and reduce the rates of severe hypoglycemia.

The evidence suggested that self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is of limited clinical effectiveness in improving glycaemic control in people with T2DM on oral agents, or diet alone, and is therefore unlikely to be cost-effective. SMBG may lead to improved glycaemic control only in the context of appropriate education - both for patients and health-care professionals - on how to respond to the data, in terms of lifestyle and treatment adjustment.

Data from the CGMS iPro Recorder illustrate the potential benefit of using a real-time CGM in the hospital to detect hypoglycemia in a more timely fashion compared to infrequent point-of-care glucose meter measurements.

The performance of four study glucose meters appeared very similar.

In addition to their use as antioxidants and antimicrobials, peanut phytoalexins may possess beneficial health effects. Studies have shown these compounds to have anti-diabetic, anticancer, and vasodilatory effects.

Nutritional interventions that incorporate functional foods, such fish oils - in particular n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) - may be a novel strategy to reduce insulin insensitivity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and pro-inflammatory state.

The results of this study suggest that African Americans may need to consume more than 12 g/day of resistant starch (RS) to lower their risk for type 2 DM.

Consumption of processed meats, but not red meats, is associated with higher incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and diabetes mellitus.

Consumption of sweetened beverages is however clearly associated with excess calorie intake, and an increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases through an increase in body weight. This has led to the recommendation to limit the daily intake of sugar calories.