Diabetes PubMed

We conclude that severe resistance to subcutaneous insulin does not preclude sufficient absorption of insulin delivered by pulmonary.

Our data suggest that estimation of plasma glucose concentrations from the glucose levels directly observed at the site of subcutaneous insulin infusion is feasible and its quality is comparable to that of estimating plasma glucose concentrations from glucose levels measured in insulin-unexposed subcutaneous tissue.

Insulin pump therapy using a simple dosing regimen significantly improved glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.

The use of pen devices improves the health economics benefits and adherence to insulin therapy.

Although European groups have initiated innovative clinical research in the field of insulin pump therapy, insulin pump use remains currently limited in many European countries, and well behind that in the United States.

Successful implementation of insulin pump therapy for older patients requires an experienced diabetes management team that can assess patient needs and tailor therapy in the context of age-related disabilities.

Although these administration methods, especially insulin pens, have some clear advantages over the vial/syringe, there are also limitations to their use and careful patient selection and education are still needed.

The low rate of insulin pen usage in the United States compared with European countries and the fact that many patients report that they are not offered the option of an insulin pen by their physician suggest that there is a need to increase patient and provider awareness of the currently available devices for insulin administration.

Metabolic and psychosocial outcomes did not differ significantly between adolescents using pump therapy and adolescents using multiple daily injections (MDI).

The future direction of insulin pump development is targeted toward closing the loop, to allow feedback control between an insulin pump and a glucose sensor, and hence finer adjustment of insulin delivery rates as required.

The study suggests that insulin pumps compare well with multi-injections with respect to safety and disease control and that most children and adolescents prefer the pumps.

CGM-enabled insulin pump therapy improves glycemia more than conventional pump therapy during the first 6 months of pump use in patients who wear CGM sensors at least 70% of the time.

Although the technical reliability of the insulin pump was generally accepted by all patients regardless of current treatment, clinical disadvantages relating to the use of the pump but more commonly social/psychological factors were named, which resulted in patients being reluctant to try this therapy or discontinuing use of it.

Administration of the oral insulin Capsulin preparation demonstrated a significant hypoglycaemic action over a period of 6 h associated with only a small increase in circulating plasma insulin concentrations.

Specifically, the higher the income, the greater desire for an oral insulin delivery system, whereas an inhaled route becomes less important for patients

It seems that bioadhesive delivery systems or water-insoluble powders with absorption enhancers are the most promising methods for intranasal delivery of insulin.

The Technosphere delivery system allows for the rapid absorption of Technosphere insulin via the lung, making this product a potential option for prandial insulin coverage in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

MannKind Corporation has developed a powder formulation of insulin that allows for a high percentage of the administered insulin to be absorbed via the lung. Their product, AFREZZA (Technosphere(R) insulin), is currently under review by the FDA for use in patients with diabetes.

These results support the possibility of formulating certain insulin mixtures in tandem to provide nasal insulin products that match the needs of patients with diabetes mellitus better than those currently available.

Inhaled insulin taken before meals, in conjunction with an injected basal insulin, has been shown to maintain glycaemic control comparable to that of patients taking multiple daily injections.