Diabetes PubMed

Microneedles and thermal ablation are currently progressing through clinical trials for delivery of macromolecules and vaccines, such as insulin, parathyroid hormone and influenza vaccine.

This study suggests that trypsin could be effective as a biochemical enhancer for the transdermal delivery of macromolecules including peptide and protein drugs.

The results suggest, molecules with low dipoles that are capable of forming intermolecular bonds with skin lipid bi-layers show promise as effective insulin-specific chemical penetration enhancers (CPEs).