Demakakos P, Pierce MB, Hardy R.
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
Objective: To examine the association between baseline elevated depressive symptoms and incident type 2 diabetes in a national sample of people aged 50 and over. Research Design and Methods: The sample consisted of 6,111 individuals free from self-reported doctor diagnosed diabetes at baseline in 2002-03. The 8-item Center for Epidemiological Studies - Depression (CES-D) scale was the measurement of depressive symptoms. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess whether baseline elevated (>/= 4) depressive symptoms were associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes over 45.8 months of follow-up. Results: The hazard ratio (HR) for diabetes was 1.62 (95% CI 1.15-2.29) in a model adjusted for age, sex, marital status, education, total net household wealth, cardiovascular and psychiatric and other non-cardiovascular comorbidities, body mass index and health behaviors for participants with elevated CES-D symptoms compared with those without. Complementary analysis performed for a subsample (n=5,090) showed that additional adjustment of this model for use of antidepressants did not explain the association (HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.09-2.29). Conclusions: Elevated depressive symptoms were associated with a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes after accounting for sociodemographic, lifestyle and clinical factors in a national sample of people aged 50 and over.
PMID: 20086253
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